Resources
Medical billing resources & guides
Practical guides on medical billing, denials, AR, coding, credentialing and specialty billing, for practice owners and billing teams.
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CO-197 Denial Code: Missing Authorization and How to Recover
CO-197 means the payer has no authorization on file for the service. Learn how to find the cause, match or request an authorization, and decide between correction and appeal.
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CO-16 Denial Code: Missing Information and How to Fix It
CO-16 means the claim lacks information or has a billing error. Learn how to read the remark code, fix the field and resubmit without losing the filing window.
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Ambulance Billing Guide
How ambulance claims work: HCPCS codes for level of service and mileage, origin and destination modifiers, physician certification statements, medical necessity and NEMT.
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AI in Medical Billing: What Works
A practical look at AI and automation in billing: the tasks they suit, the limits that still need human judgment, compliance questions and how to evaluate a tool before you rely on it.
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Billing E/M With Psychotherapy Add-On 90833
When a prescriber provides medication management and psychotherapy in one visit, the E/M code carries an add-on. Here is how 90833, 90836 and 90838 work.
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The 8-Minute Rule Explained
How Medicare counts timed therapy minutes, how many units each range allows, and worked examples for PT, OT and SLP visits with more than one timed code.
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How to Switch Medical Billing Companies Without Disrupting Cash Flow
Medical Billing Outsourcing Most practices stay with a billing company longer than they should, because switching feels risky. The fear is reasonable: a poorly…
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How Much Does Medical Billing Cost? Pricing Models Explained
Medical Billing Costs "How much does medical billing cost?" sounds like it should have a one-line answer. It doesn't, because billing companies price their…
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Physical Therapy Claim Denials: Why They Happen and How to Prevent Them
PT & Rehab Denials Physical therapy claims are denied for different reasons than most medical claims. Therapy billing depends on timed units, discipline modifiers,…
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KX Modifier for PT, OT and Speech Therapy: The 2026 Medicare Threshold Guide
Physical Therapy Billing Medicare no longer places a hard cap on outpatient therapy, but it does set an annual dollar threshold. Once a patient's…
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